Wasu lokuta ana buƙatar gyara fashe, amma akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa, ta yaya za mu tsara kuma mu zaɓi zaɓin gyara mafi kyau? Wannan ba shi da wahala kamar yadda kuke tunani.
Bayan binciken tsagewar da kuma ƙayyade manufofin gyarawa, ƙira ko zabar mafi kyawun kayan gyara da hanyoyin yana da sauƙi. Wannan taƙaitaccen zaɓin gyaran ƙwanƙwasa ya ƙunshi hanyoyin da suka biyo baya: tsaftacewa da cikawa, zubarwa da rufewa / cikawa, epoxy da allurar polyurethane, warkar da kai, da "babu gyara".
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin "Kashi na 1: Yadda ake kimantawa da magance fasa-kwaurin kankare", bincikar tsagewar da kuma tantance tushen tsagewar shine mabuɗin don zaɓar mafi kyawun shirin gyaran tsage. A taƙaice, mahimman abubuwan da ake buƙata don zayyana gyare-gyaren da ya dace su ne matsakaicin faɗin tsaga (ciki har da mafi ƙanƙanta da mafi girman nisa) da kuma ƙayyade ko tsage yana aiki ko barci. Tabbas, makasudin gyaran tsage yana da mahimmanci kamar auna faɗin tsagewa da kuma tantance yiwuwar motsi a nan gaba.
Tsage-tsalle masu aiki suna motsawa kuma suna girma. Misalai sun haɗa da tsagewar da ke haifar da ci gaba da ƙasa ko tsagewa waɗanda ke raguwa/ faɗaɗa haɗin ginin mambobi ko sifofi. Tsagewar da ke kwance ba ta da ƙarfi kuma ba a sa ran za ta canza a nan gaba. A al'ada, fashewar da ke haifar da raguwar simintin zai yi aiki sosai a farkon, amma yayin da abin da ke cikin simintin ya daidaita, zai iya daidaitawa kuma ya shiga cikin kwanciyar hankali. Bugu da kari, idan isassun sandunan ƙarfe (rebars, filayen ƙarfe, ko filayen roba na macroscopic) sun wuce ta cikin tsagewar, za a sarrafa motsin gaba kuma ana iya ɗaukar tsagewar a cikin kwanciyar hankali.
Don tsagewar barci, yi amfani da kayan gyare-gyare masu tsauri ko sassauƙa. Ƙunƙwasa masu aiki suna buƙatar kayan gyara masu sassauƙa da ƙira na musamman don ba da damar motsi na gaba. Yin amfani da kayan gyare-gyare masu tsauri don ɓarna mai aiki yawanci yana haifar da fashewar kayan gyaran da/ko kusa da kankare.
Hoto 1. Yin amfani da mahaɗar tip ɗin allura (La'a. 14, 15 da 18), ƙananan kayan gyaran gyare-gyare masu ƙarancin ƙarfi za a iya shigar da su cikin sauƙi a cikin fasar gashi ba tare da waya Kelton Glewwe, Roadware, Inc.
Tabbas, yana da mahimmanci don ƙayyade dalilin fashewar kuma sanin ko fashewa yana da mahimmancin tsarin. Fashewar da ke nuna yuwuwar ƙira, daki-daki, ko kurakuran gini na iya sa mutane su damu game da ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi da amincin tsarin. Waɗannan nau'ikan tsaga na iya zama mahimmancin tsari. Ana iya haifar da fashewa ta hanyar lodi, ko kuma yana iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da sauye-sauyen ƙarar siminti na asali, kamar bushewar bushewa, haɓakar zafi da raguwa, kuma maiyuwa ko a'a. Kafin zabar wani zaɓi na gyarawa, ƙayyade dalilin kuma la'akari da mahimmancin fashewa.
Gyara tsagewar da ke haifar da ƙira, ƙira daki-daki, da kurakuran gini ya wuce iyakar labarin mai sauƙi. Wannan yanayin yawanci yana buƙatar cikakken nazari na tsari kuma yana iya buƙatar gyare-gyaren ƙarfafawa na musamman.
Maido da daidaiton tsari ko amincin kayan aikin kankare, hana ɗigogi ko rufe ruwa da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa (kamar deicing sinadarai), ba da tallafin tsagewa, da haɓaka bayyanar fashe sune burin gyara gama gari. Idan aka yi la’akari da waɗannan manufofin, ana iya raba kulawa da kusan kashi uku:
Tare da shaharar simintin da aka fallasa da simintin gine-gine, buƙatun gyaran ɓarke na haɓaka yana ƙaruwa. Wani lokaci gyaran mutunci da ƙwanƙwasa/cike suma suna buƙatar gyara kamanni. Kafin zabar fasahar gyarawa, dole ne mu fayyace makasudin gyaran tsagewa.
Kafin zayyana gyare-gyare ko zabar hanyar gyarawa, dole ne a amsa tambayoyi huɗu masu mahimmanci. Da zarar kun amsa waɗannan tambayoyin, zaku iya zabar zaɓin gyara cikin sauƙi.
Hoto 2. Yin amfani da tef ɗin scotch, ramukan hakowa, da bututun haɗaɗɗen kan roba da aka haɗa da bindigar ganga guda biyu na hannu, ana iya shigar da kayan gyara a cikin tsattsauran layi mai kyau a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin matsi. Kelton Glewwe, Roadware, Inc.
Wannan fasaha mai sauƙi ya zama sananne, musamman don gyare-gyaren nau'in gini, saboda kayan gyaran gyare-gyare tare da ƙananan danko yanzu suna samuwa. Tun da waɗannan kayan gyaran suna iya shiga cikin sauƙi cikin kunkuntar tsatsa ta hanyar nauyi, babu buƙatar wayoyi (watau shigar da tafki mai siffar murabba'i ko V mai siffa). Tunda ba a buƙatar wiring, faɗin gyara na ƙarshe daidai yake da faɗin tsagewa, wanda ba shi da kyau a bayyane fiye da fasar wayoyi. Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani da goga na waya da tsaftacewa yana da sauri da kuma tattalin arziki fiye da wayoyi.
Da farko, tsaftace tsattsauran ra'ayi don cire datti da tarkace, sa'an nan kuma cika da kayan gyaran ƙananan danko. Maƙerin ya ƙera ƙaramin bututun haɗaɗɗen diamita wanda ke da alaƙa da bindigar feshin ganga mai hannu biyu don shigar da kayan gyara (hoto 1). Idan titin bututun ƙarfe ya fi faɗin faɗuwa girma, ana iya buƙatar wasu ƙwanƙwasa don ƙirƙirar mazugi don ɗaukar girman titin bututun. Duba danko a cikin takaddun masana'anta; wasu masana'antun suna ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin faɗuwar fakiti don kayan. An auna shi a centipoise, yayin da ƙimar danko ta ragu, abu ya zama mai sauƙi ko sauƙi don gudana cikin kunkuntar fasa. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da tsarin allura mai sauƙi mai sauƙi don shigar da kayan gyara (duba hoto 2).
Hoto 3. Waya da hatimi sun haɗa da fara yankan kwandon mai silsilar tare da filaye mai murabba'i ko V, sa'an nan kuma cika shi da abin rufewa ko filler mai dacewa. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi, ƙwanƙwasa na ƙwanƙwasa yana cike da polyurethane, kuma bayan warkewa, an zazzage shi kuma a zubar da saman. Kim Basham
Wannan ita ce hanyar da ta fi dacewa don gyara keɓe, lafiya da manyan fasa (hoto 3). Gyaran da ba na tsari ba ne wanda ya haɗa da faɗaɗa tsagewa (wayoyi) da kuma cika su da maƙallan da suka dace ko masu cikawa. Dangane da girman da siffar ma'aunin tafki da nau'in silinda ko filler da aka yi amfani da su, wiring da ƙullawa na iya gyara ɓarna mai aiki da tsagewar barci. Wannan hanya ta dace sosai don saman kwance, amma kuma ana iya amfani da ita a tsaye tare da kayan gyaran gyare-gyare marasa lalacewa.
Abubuwan gyaran da suka dace sun haɗa da epoxy, polyurethane, silicone, polyurea, da polymer turmi. Don shimfidar bene, mai zane dole ne ya zaɓi wani abu tare da sassauci mai dacewa da taurin kai ko halaye masu tsauri don ɗaukar zirga-zirgar bene da ake tsammanin da motsin fashewa na gaba. Yayin da sassaucin ma'auni ya karu, haƙuri don yaduwa da motsi yana ƙaruwa, amma ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyin kayan da goyan bayan fashe zai ragu. Yayin da taurin yana ƙaruwa, ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi da goyan bayan fage yana ƙaruwa, amma haƙurin motsi yana raguwa.
Hoto 1. Yayin da ƙimar taurin Teku na abu ke ƙaruwa, taurin ko taurin kayan yana ƙaruwa kuma sassauci yana raguwa. Domin hana ɓarkewar ɓangarorin da aka fallasa ga cunkoson ababen hawa daga barewa, ana buƙatar taurin Tekun na aƙalla kusan 80. Kim Basham ya fi son kayan gyare-gyare masu wuyar gaske (fillers) don ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa a cikin tarkace masu tsayin daka, saboda ƙananan gefuna sun fi kyau kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 1. Don ƙwanƙwasa masu aiki, masu sassaucin ra'ayi sun fi son, amma nauyin ɗaukar nauyin mai ɗaukar hoto da mai ɗaukar hoto. goyon bayan ƙwanƙwasa yana da ƙasa. Ƙimar taurin Shore yana da alaƙa da taurin (ko sassauƙa) na kayan gyarawa. Yayin da ƙimar taurin Shore ke ƙaruwa, taurin (ƙaramar) kayan gyara yana ƙaruwa kuma sassauci yana raguwa.
Don raunin da ya faru, girman da nau'in nau'in nau'i na tafki mai mahimmanci yana da mahimmanci kamar zabar madaidaicin mai dacewa wanda zai iya daidaitawa da motsin da ake tsammani a gaba. Siffar sifar ita ce ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'auni. Gabaɗaya magana, don masu saɓo mai sassauƙa, abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar sune 1:2 (0.5) da 1:1 (1.0) (duba Hoto 2). Rage nau'in nau'in nau'i (ta hanyar haɓaka nisa dangane da zurfin) zai rage nau'in siginar da ke haifar da haɓakar faɗuwar fashewa. Idan matsakaicin matsakaicin nau'in sitiriyo ya ragu, adadin haɓakar fashewar da mai ɗaukar hoto zai iya jurewa yana ƙaruwa. Yin amfani da nau'i na nau'i da aka ba da shawarar da masana'anta suka ba da shawarar zai tabbatar da iyakar tsayin daka ba tare da gazawa ba. Idan an buƙata, shigar da sandunan goyan bayan kumfa don iyakance zurfin abin rufewa kuma taimakawa samar da siffar elongated "hourglass".
Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙyalli mai ƙyalli na raguwa yana raguwa tare da haɓakar sifa. Don 6 inci. Faranti mai kauri tare da jimlar zurfin inci 0.020. Siffar sifar tafki mai karye ba tare da siti ba shine 300 (inci 6.0/0.020 inci = 300). Wannan yana bayyana dalilin da ya sa fashe masu aiki da aka rufe tare da mai sassauƙa mai sassauƙa ba tare da tanki mai ɗaukar nauyi ba sau da yawa kasawa. Idan babu tafki, idan duk wani yaduwa ya faru, nau'in zai wuce karfin juzu'i da sauri. Don tsaga mai aiki, koyaushe a yi amfani da tafki mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sigar sifar da mai yin silin ya ba da shawarar.
Hoto 2. Ƙara nisa zuwa zurfin rabo zai ƙãra ikon jure wa lokacin fashewa a gaba. Yi amfani da nau'i na nau'i na 1: 2 (0.5) zuwa 1: 1 (1.0) ko kuma kamar yadda masu sana'a na sealant suka ba da shawarar don tsagewar aiki don tabbatar da cewa kayan zai iya shimfiɗawa yadda ya kamata yayin da nisa ya girma a gaba. Kim Basham
Epoxy resin allura bond ko welds ya fashe kamar kunkuntar inci 0.002 tare kuma yana dawo da amincin simintin, gami da ƙarfi da tsauri. Wannan hanyar ta haɗa da yin amfani da hular ƙasa na resin epoxy mara sagging don iyakance tsagewa, shigar da tashoshin allura a cikin rijiyar burtsatse a kusa da tsagewar kwance, a tsaye ko sama, da matsi na allurar resin epoxy (hoto 4).
Ƙarfin juzu'i na resin epoxy ya wuce psi 5,000. Don haka, ana ɗaukar allurar resin epoxy a matsayin gyaran tsari. Koyaya, allurar resin epoxy ba za ta dawo da ƙarfin ƙira ba, kuma ba za ta ƙarfafa kankare da ya karye ba saboda kurakuran ƙira ko gini. Ba kasafai ake amfani da resin Epoxy don allurar fasa ba don magance matsalolin da suka shafi iya ɗaukar nauyi da al'amurran tsaro na tsari.
Hoto 4. Kafin allurar epoxy resin, dole ne a rufe saman fasinja da guduro epoxy mara sagging don iyakance guduro epoxy da aka matsa. Bayan allura, ana cire hular epoxy ta niƙa. Yawancin lokaci, cire murfin zai bar alamun abrasion a kan kankare. Kim Basham
Allurar resin Epoxy gyara ce mai tsauri, cikakken zurfin gyare-gyare, kuma fasarar allurar sun fi ƙarfin simintin da ke kusa. Idan an yi allurar ƙulle-ƙulle ko ɓarna da ke aiki azaman raguwa ko haɗin gwiwa, ana sa ran wasu tsaga za su yi kusa ko nesa da tsagewar da aka gyara. Kawai yi allurar fashe ko tsagewa tare da isassun sandunan ƙarfe da ke wucewa ta cikin tsaga don iyakance motsi na gaba. Tebur mai zuwa yana taƙaita mahimman abubuwan zaɓi na wannan zaɓin gyara da sauran zaɓuɓɓukan gyarawa.
Za a iya amfani da resin polyurethane don rufe jika da fashe fashe kamar kunkuntar inci 0.002. Ana amfani da wannan zaɓin gyaran musamman don hana zubar ruwa, gami da allurar resin reactive a cikin tsagewar, wanda ke haɗuwa da ruwa don samar da gel mai kumburi, toshe ɗigon da rufe tsagewar (hoto na 5). Wadannan resins za su kori ruwa kuma su shiga cikin matsatsun ƙananan ƙananan fashe da pores na simintin don samar da haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi tare da rigar kankare. Bugu da ƙari, polyurethane da aka warke yana da sauƙi kuma yana iya tsayayya da motsi na gaba. Wannan zaɓin gyaran gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare ne na dindindin, wanda ya dace da kullun aiki ko raguwa.
Hoto 5. Polyurethane allura ya hada da hakowa, shigar da tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma matsa lamba na resin. Resin yana amsawa tare da danshin da ke cikin simintin don samar da kumfa mai tsayayye kuma mai sassauƙa, yana rufe tsagewa, har ma da tsagewa. Kim Basham
Don tsaga tare da matsakaicin nisa tsakanin 0.004 inch da 0.008 inch, wannan shine tsarin halitta na gyaran tsaga a gaban danshi. Tsarin warkaswa shine saboda ƙwayoyin simintin da ba su da ruwa suna fallasa ga danshi da kuma samar da sinadarin calcium hydroxide maras narkewa daga slurry na siminti zuwa saman kuma yana amsawa tare da carbon dioxide a cikin iska mai kewaye don samar da calcium carbonate akan saman fashe. 0.004 inci. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, faffadan faffadan na iya warkewa, inci 0.008. Fassara na iya warkewa cikin 'yan makonni. Idan tsagewar ta shafi ruwa mai gudana da sauri da motsi, warkaswa ba zai faru ba.
Wani lokaci "babu gyara" shine mafi kyawun zaɓin gyarawa. Ba duk tsaga ba ne ake buƙatar gyarawa, kuma saka idanu na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓi. Idan ya cancanta, ana iya gyara tsaga daga baya.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-03-2021