Sabbin abubuwan da suka faru a cikin tabbacin ingancin shinge na kankare na iya samar da mahimman bayanai game da inganci, karrewa, da bin ƙa'idodin ƙira na matasan.
Gina shingen siminti na iya ganin abubuwan gaggawa, kuma ɗan kwangila yana buƙatar tabbatar da inganci da dorewar simintin simintin.Abubuwan da suka faru sun haɗa da fallasa ruwan sama a lokacin aikin zubar da ruwa, bayan aikace-aikacen magunguna, raguwar filastik da sa'o'i masu fashewa a cikin 'yan sa'o'i bayan zubawa, da kuma rubutun rubutu da kuma magance matsalolin.Ko da an cika buƙatun ƙarfin da sauran gwaje-gwajen kayan aiki, injiniyoyi na iya buƙatar cirewa da maye gurbin sassan pavement saboda suna damuwa game da ko kayan cikin gida sun dace da ƙayyadaddun ƙira.
A wannan yanayin, petrography da sauran hanyoyin gwaji (amma masu sana'a) na iya ba da mahimman bayanai game da inganci da karko na gaurayawan kankare da ko sun haɗu da ƙayyadaddun aiki.
Hoto 1. Misalai na microscope microscopes mai kyalli na manna kankare a 0.40 w/c (kusurwar hagu na sama) da 0.60 w/c (kusurwar dama ta sama).Hoton hagu na ƙasa yana nuna na'urar don auna tsayayyar silinda.Hoto na dama na ƙasa yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfin juriya da w/c.Chunyu Qiao da DRP, Kamfanin Twining
Dokar Abram: “Ƙarfin da ke tattare da siminti ya bambanta da na ruwa da siminti.”
Farfesa Duff Abrams ya fara kwatanta alakar da ke tsakanin ruwa-cement rabo (w/c) da ƙarfin matsawa a cikin 1918 [1], kuma ya tsara abin da yanzu ake kira dokar Abram: “Ƙarfin ƙarfi na kankare Ruwa/ciminti.”Baya ga sarrafa ƙarfin matsawa, ana fifita rabon siminti na ruwa (w/cm) yanzu saboda ya gane maye gurbin simintin Portland tare da ƙarin kayan siminti kamar gardawa ash da slag.Hakanan mahimmin siga ce ta kankare karrewa.Yawancin bincike sun nuna cewa haɗin kai tare da w / cm ƙasa da ~ 0.45 suna dawwama a cikin yanayi mai tsanani, kamar wuraren da aka fallasa su zuwa daskarewa-narkewa tare da gishiri mai lalata ko wuraren da akwai babban taro na sulfate a cikin ƙasa.
Pores capillary wani yanki ne na asali na slurry siminti.Sun ƙunshi sarari tsakanin samfuran hydration na siminti da ɓangarori na siminti marasa ruwa waɗanda aka taɓa cika da ruwa.[2] Ƙofofi na capillary sun fi kyau fiye da waɗanda aka haɗa su ko kuma waɗanda aka kama kuma bai kamata a rikita su da su ba.Lokacin da aka haɗa pores capillary, ruwa daga yanayin waje zai iya yin ƙaura ta manna.Ana kiran wannan lamarin shiga kuma dole ne a rage shi don tabbatar da dorewa.Tsarin microstructure na cakuda kankare mai ɗorewa shine cewa an raba ramukan maimakon haɗawa.Wannan yana faruwa lokacin da w / cm ya kasa da ~ 0.45.
Ko da yake yana da matukar wahala a auna daidai w/cm na siminti mai tauri, ingantaccen hanya na iya samar da muhimmin kayan aikin tabbatar da inganci don binciken simintin simintin da aka taƙaice.Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙƙarfan Ƙaƙƙarfan Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa ) yana ba da bayani.Wannan shine yadda yake aiki.
Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙƙa ) da aka yi don haskaka cikakkun bayanai na kayan aiki.An fi amfani dashi a cikin ilimin likitanci, kuma yana da mahimman aikace-aikace a kimiyyar kayan aiki.Tsarin aikace-aikacen wannan hanyar a cikin kankare ya fara kusan shekaru 40 da suka gabata a Denmark [3];An daidaita shi a cikin ƙasashen Nordic a cikin 1991 don kimanta w / c na kankare mai tauri, kuma an sabunta shi a cikin 1999 [4].
Don auna w/cm na kayan tushen siminti (watau siminti, turmi, da grouting), ana amfani da epoxy mai kyalli don yin yanki na bakin ciki ko shingen kankare mai kauri na kusan 25 microns ko 1/1000 inch (Hoto na 2).Tsarin ya ƙunshi Silinda ko silinda an yanke shi cikin ɓangarorin siminti (wanda ake kira blanks) tare da yanki na kusan 25 x 50 mm (1 x 2 inci).Bangon yana manne da faifan gilashi, an sanya shi a cikin ɗaki, kuma an shigar da resin epoxy a ƙarƙashin injin.Yayin da w / cm ke ƙaruwa, haɗin haɗin gwiwa da adadin pores zai karu, don haka ƙarin epoxy zai shiga cikin manna.Muna bincika ɓangarorin a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa, ta yin amfani da saitin tacewa na musamman don faranta ran rini mai kyalli a cikin resin epoxy da kuma tace alamun wuce gona da iri.A cikin waɗannan hotuna, wuraren baƙar fata suna wakiltar jimlar barbashi da siminti marasa ruwa.A porosity na biyu shine m 0%.Da'irar kore mai haske shine porosity (ba porosity ba), kuma porosity shine ainihin 100%.Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan fasalulluka The speckled koren “abu” manna ne (Hoto na 2).Yayin da w/cm da porosity na siminti ke ƙaruwa, launin kore na musamman na manna yana ƙara haske da haske (duba Hoto 3).
Hoto 2. Filayen filaye na filaye da ke nuna tarukan barbashi, voids (v) da manna.Faɗin filin kwance shine ~ 1.5 mm.Chunyu Qiao da DRP, Kamfanin Twining
Hoto 3. Filayen faifan filaye na flakes suna nuna cewa yayin da w/cm ke ƙaruwa, koren manna a hankali yana ƙara haske.Waɗannan haɗe-haɗe ana iska da su kuma suna ɗauke da tokar kuda.Chunyu Qiao da DRP, Kamfanin Twining
Binciken hoto ya ƙunshi ciro bayanai masu yawa daga hotuna.Ana amfani da shi a fannonin kimiyya daban-daban, daga na'urar hangen nesa mai nisa.Kowane pixel a cikin hoto na dijital da gaske ya zama wurin bayanai.Wannan hanyar tana ba mu damar haɗa lambobi zuwa matakan haske daban-daban da aka gani a waɗannan hotuna.A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata ko makamancin haka, tare da juyin juya hali a cikin ikon sarrafa kwamfuta da kuma siyan hoto na dijital, binciken hoto yanzu ya zama kayan aiki mai amfani wanda yawancin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (ciki har da ƙwararrun masanan petroloji) za su iya amfani da su.Sau da yawa muna amfani da nazarin hoto don auna porosity na capillary na slurry.Bayan lokaci, mun gano cewa akwai ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga tsakanin w / cm da porosity capillary, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi mai zuwa (Figure 4 da Figure 5)).
Hoto 4. Misalin bayanan da aka samo daga micrographs mai haske na sassan bakin ciki.Wannan jadawali yana tsara adadin pixels a matakin launin toka da aka bayar a cikin hoto guda ɗaya.Kololuwa uku sun yi daidai da tara (launi orange), manna (yankin launin toka), da wofi (kololuwar da ba a cika a hannun dama mai nisa ba).Lanƙwasa na manna yana ba mutum damar ƙididdige matsakaicin girman pore da daidaitaccen karkacewar sa.Chunyu Qiao da DRP, Kamfanin Twining Hoto na 5. Wannan jadawali yana taƙaita jerin matsakaicin ma'auni na w/cm da 95% amintaccen tazara a cikin cakuda da aka haɗa da siminti mai tsafta, ciminti ash, da ɗaure pozzolan na halitta.Chunyu Qiao da DRP, Kamfanin Twining
A cikin bincike na ƙarshe, ana buƙatar gwaje-gwaje masu zaman kansu guda uku don tabbatar da cewa simintin kan layi ya dace da ƙayyadaddun ƙira.Ya zuwa yanzu, sami samfurori na asali daga wuraren da suka dace da duk sharuɗɗan karɓa, da kuma samfurori daga wuraren da ke da alaƙa.Za'a iya amfani da mahimmanci daga shimfidar da aka karɓa azaman samfurin sarrafawa, kuma zaka iya amfani da shi azaman ma'auni don kimanta yarda da shimfidar da ya dace.
A cikin gogewarmu, lokacin da injiniyoyi masu rikodin suka ga bayanan da aka samu daga waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, yawanci suna karɓar jeri idan wasu mahimman halayen injiniyanci (kamar ƙarfin matsawa) sun hadu.Ta hanyar samar da ma'auni na w / cm da ma'aunin ƙirƙira, za mu iya wuce gwaje-gwajen da aka kayyade don ayyuka da yawa don tabbatar da cewa cakuda da ake tambaya yana da kaddarorin da za su fassara zuwa kyakkyawan karko.
David Rothstein, Ph.D., PG, FACI shine babban masanin lithographer na DRP, Kamfanin Twining.Yana da fiye da shekaru 25 na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun likitanci kuma da kansa ya bincika samfuran sama da 10,000 daga ayyukan sama da 2,000 a duniya.Dokta Chunyu Qiao, babban masanin kimiyya na DRP, Kamfanin Twining, masanin ilimin kasa ne kuma masanin kimiyyar kayan aiki wanda ke da kwarewa fiye da shekaru goma a cikin kayan siminti da na halitta da kuma sarrafa kayan dutse.Kwarewarsa ta haɗa da yin amfani da na'urar tantance hoto da ƙwanƙolin haske don nazarin dorewar siminti, tare da ba da fifiko na musamman kan barnar da ke haifarwa ta hanyar deicing salts, halayen alkali-silicon, da harin sinadarai a masana'antar sarrafa ruwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-07-2021